Une fois n’est pas coutume, je quitte un instant la politique européenne pour vous éclairer sur un volet peu traité de ces dernières élections municipales : la question du pouvoir politique et du vote des électeurs dans le cadre des intercommunalités.
La Commune serait le premier maillon de la démocratie française. Oui car elle offre la proximité et la compréhension des enjeux indispensables à l’exercice du pouvoir par les citoyens. Mais pas tout à fait cependant, car il faut désormais compter avec les intercommunalités qui exercent depuis plusieurs années l’essentiel des compétences au niveau local.
Hormis quelques cas particuliers, si le maire continue d’être le représentant de l’Etat et d’assurer notamment les pouvoirs de police, les compétences relatives aux déchets, à la voirie, la gestion de l’eau par exemple sont à présent exercées par les élus dits communautaires.
Ces derniers sont les élus municipaux délégués par les communes membres. Ils constituent ensemble l’assemblée délibérante de la Communauté. A ce titre, ils déterminent toutes les orientations de la politique communautaire et vote le budget.
Fait nouveau cette année, les électeurs ont pu, par un même bulletin, désigner leurs élus municipaux et leurs élus communautaires.
Les nouvelles règles pour l’élection des conseillers communautaires ont été posées par la loi du 16 décembre 2010 de réforme des collectivités territoriales.
Seules les communes de moins de 1000 habitants continuent de désigner « après-coup » les élus partant siéger à l’intercommunalité.
Pour changer la gestion locale de votre ville, vous l’aurez compris, il ne s’agit pas simplement de bouleverser la majorité du Conseil municipal. Encore faut il que le changement s’opère également au sein du Conseil de Communauté. Une réalité souvent méconnue par les électeurs, qui continuent à considérer le Maire et son Conseil comme les seuls détenteurs des pouvoirs locaux.
Je souhaitais simplement illustrer mon propos par l’exemple marquant d’Hénin-Beaumont.
Les politiques locales vont-elles se trouver bouleversées dans la commune passée entre les mains du Front national ? Par si sûre car celle-ci est membre de la Communauté d’Agglomération d’Hénin-Carvin. Cette dernière exerce sa compétence dans de nombreux domaines : développement économique, urbanisme, habitat, assainissement, eau, équipements sportifs et culturels, …
En remportant la majorité des voix dès le premier tour du scrutin, le Rassemblement bleu marine a obtenu un nombre important de conseillers municipaux pour gérer la ville. Par là même, il a obtenu 9 conseillers communautaires.
Cependant, la Communauté d’Agglomération d’Hénin-Carvin est composée de 13 autres communes. Or, le FN est très loin d’avoir conquis les voix des administrés des communes partenaires. Hormis une commune passée à droite, les autres conseils municipaux sont tous détenus par une majorité socialiste ou communiste.
Par conséquent, la majorité au Conseil communautaire reste très largement en faveur de la gauche avec près d’une quarantaine d’élus socialistes, six communistes et quatre élus de droite. Le FN n’a obtenu que 11 conseillers sur les 49 sièges composant le Conseil.
Ainsi, pour connaitre la couleur politique de la gestion locale en France, il s’agit davantage de dresser une carte politique des intercommunalités qu’une carte des municipalités.
C’est là un travail titanesque dont je n’ai malheureusement pas le loisir. Espérons qu’un journaliste s’empare du sujet.
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